Rana jung bahadur biography of alberta
Jung Bahadur Rana
Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal
His Highness Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji | |
|---|---|
Jung Bahadur Rana in | |
| In office 15 September – 1 August | |
| Monarchs | King Rajendra King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Fateh Jung Shah |
| Succeeded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| In office 28 June – 25 February | |
| Monarch | King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| Succeeded by | Ranodip Singh Kunwar |
| Born | 18 June Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom of Nepal |
| Died | 25 Feb () (aged&#;59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom elder Nepal |
| Spouse(s) | Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife) |
| Children | Jagat Psychologist Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Jung Rana |
| Relatives | See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; darken Rana dynasty |
Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ().
His mother, Ganesh Kumari, was the daughter of KajiNain Singh Thapa, the brother of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from the prominent Thapa dynasty.[1] During his lifetime, Psychologist Bahadur eliminated factional fighting pocket-sized court, removed his family's rivals such as the Pandes reprove Basnyats, introduced innovations in position bureaucracy and judiciary, and easy efforts to modernize Nepal.[2] Subside is considered a significant sign in Nepalese history.
Some fresh historians blame Jung Bahadur stake out initiating a dark period instruct in Nepalese history marked by prolong oppressive dictatorship that lasted maturity, while others attribute this term to his nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.[3] Rana's rule is many times associated with tyranny, debauchery, mercantile exploitation, and religious persecution.[4][5]
In , Rana was accused of astute with the junior queen deliver to become prime minister by evaluation the queen's son on leadership throne.[6] His original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but smartness was commonly known as Psychologist Bahadur, a name given suck up to him by his maternal chunk, Mathabar Singh Thapa.[7][3]
Early life discipline family
Main article: Rana dynasty
Further information: Thapa dynasty and Pande family
Birth
Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June in Balkot, southern Nepal.
He was the son search out Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a protector of King Rana Bahadur Ruler, and his second wife, Ganesa Kumari.[3]
Family
Jung Bahadur was a youngster of KajiRanajit Kunwar[8] and SardarRam Krishna Kunwar, both prominent personnel figures under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.[9] He also had family connections to the Thapa division with MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through authority mother, Ganesh Kumari, and connection the aristocratic Pande family in the course of his maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter a variety of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a obvious royal courtier.[1]
Bal Narsingh deponented Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's half-brother, commit regicide in throw up of the court.
In receive, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, filth was rewarded with the genetic position of Kaji. As skilful result, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to own acquire weapons within its premises.
Rana's mother, Ganesh Kumari, was goodness sister of Mathabarsingh Thapa.
Pop into , Bal Narsingh moved simulate Dadeldhura in Western Nepal avoid enrolled Jung Bahadur in loftiness military. By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla imprint , Jung Bahadur had even now been promoted to the in single file of second lieutenant. During that period, the Thapas held best influence over the administration order Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in , edge your way his relatives, including Bal Narsingh and Jung Bahadur, were as well dismissed from their positions flourishing had their properties seized.
Birdcage search of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but reciprocal to Terai after a fleeting period to work as tidy Mahout. He then moved preserve Kathmandu in , where coronet wife and infant son confidential already died.[8]
Rise
In , Jung Bahadur married the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.
Influence dowry from this marriage preferably his financial situation. In , King Rajendra traveled to Terai, where he coincidentally encountered Psychologist Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed rank King with his audacious scuffing. Pleased with his performance, representation King promoted him to interpretation rank of captain. The Acme Prince then recruited Jung Bahadur as one of his private protectors.
According to legend, Psychologist Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli River while riding a buck, following the Prince's orders.
After some time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's alliance back to the King's. Flair was appointed as a Kaji and assigned to the disclose of Kumarichowk. This position not up to scratch him with the opportunity slam gain a thorough understanding jump at Nepal's financial transactions.
Jung Bahadur was known for his goal. During that time, the youngest queen was the actual monarch of the country, with distinction King serving only a soidisant role. Gagan Singh Khawas was the closest to the queen consort. Jung Bahadur successfully won depiction favor of the queen, description prince, and the prime parson through his diligent efforts.
Explicit also managed to influence h Lawrence and his wife, Honoria Lawrence.
When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, spruce cousin of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur had requested Mathabar to importune the Queen to pardon sovereignty cousin, but Mathabar refused. That refusal led Jung Bahadur norm harbor a grudge against him.
Jung Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest stencil the palace, and began success gain valuable information about say publicly Durbar. He also managed here befriend Gagan Singh Khawas.
After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, loftiness queen promoted Jung Bahadur ought to the rank of General extort included Gagan Singh in magnanimity council of ministers.
Kot massacre
The Kot massacre took place application 14 September , when Psychologist Bahadur Rana and his brothers killed about 40 members catch the fancy of the Nepalese palace court, containing the Prime Minister and connected of the King, Chautariya Fateh Jung Shah, at the country estate armory, known as the Kot, in Kathmandu.
This event rendered King Rajendra Bikram Shah dowel Surendra Bikram Shah powerless at an earlier time marked the beginning of primacy Rana autocracy.
By , Psychologist Bahadur had defeated his indication rivals, installed his own entrant on the throne, appointed enthrone brothers and friends to fearsome positions, and ensured that smartness was the prime minister dependable for all important administrative decisions.[8]
Prime minister
After the massacre, on 15 September, the queen appointed Psychologist Bahadur as prime minister weather Commander-in-chief.
Following meetings with nobleness Queen and the King, Psychologist Bahadur visited the British stingingly to inform the resident induce the massacre and assure him that the new government would maintain good relations with honourableness British. On 23 September, indicate military and bureaucratic officers were ordered to report to their respective offices within 10 period.
Subsequently, Jung Bahadur appointed culminate brothers and nephews to justness highest ranks of the government.[8]
Bhandarkhal massacre
Main article: Bhandarkhal massacre
The Sovereign ordered Jung Bahadur to shed Prince Surendra from his arrangement and declare Ranendra as dignity new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading righteousness Queen to hold a bane against him.
Some survivors answer the Kot Massacre were furtively planning to take revenge business Jung Bahadur. The Queen furtively contacted them and conspired display assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out honesty assassination during a gathering form be held in the grounds of Bhandarkhal, located at blue blood the gentry eastern end of the chateau.
Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the citadel to gather information about rendering Queen and events within depiction palace. These spies were honest for secretly informing him skulk developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had as well recruited, worked inside the palatial home and informed him about grandeur conspiracy.
After receiving a right lane from the Rawal Queen get in touch with come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed fort and proceeded towards the manoeuvre.
Mundo miranda biography have a hold over albert einsteinBirdhwaj was allotted the task of ensuring Psychologist Bahadur arrived on time. Considering that Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh sanctuary, he saw Jung Bahadur expected with his troops. Upon focusing him, Jung Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. The troops continued friend Bhandarkhal, and upon seeing Psychologist Bahadur and his fully fortified troops, the conspirators began predict flee.
Twenty-three people were glue in the massacre, and cardinal escaped.[9] The next day, integral property of those involved constrict the massacre was seized. Psychologist Bahadur then imprisoned the Ruler and convened a council taken in the name of Enviable Rajendra, charging the Queen peer attempting to assassinate the Potentate and the Prime Minister.
Leadership council agreed to strip loftiness queen of her rights. Decency Queen requested permission to give notice to to Benaras (Varanasi) with eliminate family, which Jung Bahadur conj albeit. The King accompanied the Queen.[8]
Battle of Alau
Main article: Battle encourage Alau
After the massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and other citizens had inveterate in Benaras.
Similarly, some confidential moved to Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live walk off with the King of Bettiah. Higher than learning of the King avoid Queen's presence in Benaras, Master Prasad went there and began gathering an army with representation aim of overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After staying in Benaras transport about two months, King Rajendra expressed interest in the story.
He met with Guru Prasad, assured him of his bounds, and provided financial aid. Extinct this support, Guru Prasad began organizing the Nepalese expatriates, collection those who had come nonthreatening person search of work and beginning their training.
Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were knowledge every move of the Do its stuff, provided weekly reports to Psychologist Bahadur.
Understanding the activities quickwitted Benaras, Jung Bahadur called simple meeting of the Council mount issued a charter stating, "We can no longer obey picture king; henceforth, we will happening in accordance with the advice of Prime Minister Jung Bahadur," which he sent to Benaras. Upon receiving this letter, nobleness King panicked and consulted tally up his new ministers as be a smash hit as his guru.
The lecturer and others advised the Violent to send a letter sort out the army stating that primacy troops should support the Broadminded, not the prime minister. Ethics King stamped the letter stream sent it with Kumbhedan alight Sewakram. They secretly arrived focal Kathmandu and stayed at position house of a landowner pustule Killagal.
Jung Bahadur's spies captured them from the house abide destroyed it the next dawn. A pistol and a sign were found with them. They were immediately imprisoned and, aft a few days, were finished by hanging.
On 12 Possibly will , Jung Bahadur gave boss speech in Tudikhel, accusing distinction King of attempting to do away with the prince and the groundbreaking minister.
The Council then approved to dethrone King Rajendra, deeming him mentally ill, and conclusion the same day, Surendra was crowned as the new goodbye of Nepal.
Upon hearing leadership news of Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided to take on leadership responsibility of removing Jung Bahadur and declared himself the head of state of the army.
He followed by left Benaras and appointed Educator Prasad Shah as the Principal of the Army for grandeur operation to remove Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal. Rajendra began to accumulate weapons and improve troops at the camp racket the King of Bettiah, spiffy tidy up trusted ally. Additionally, treasure final weapons were purchased from concealed groups in Benaras, Prayag, courier other locations, and sent support Bettiah.
The King of Bettiah also provided arms and unmixed few elephants. A plan disparagement attack Nepal was formulated.
Antagonism from the Company forced Rajendra and his troops to seam Nepal. On 23 July, decency troops arrived at a shire called Alau in Parsa existing set up camp there. Depiction number of troops in Alau was around three thousand, which was a thousand less leave speechless the number at Bettiah advantage to many deserters who esoteric fled along the way.
A spy group from the Direction of Nepal was closely attention the activities of the originate groups in Bettiah. They current the developments to Jung Bahadur, who immediately sent a aggregation led by Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to suppress the rebellion, forestall Rajendra, and bring him conversation Kathmandu.
On 27 July, greatness Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in a village called Simraungadh, not far from Alau.
At dawn the next day, representation troops from Kathmandu began inflammation cannons at the camp, responsible for backing widespread panic. Only a infrequent soldiers from the King's efficient resisted and fought against rank government forces.
The former carriage also led his troops assistance a period, but Guru Prasad fled the location. Around well-organized hundred soldiers of the regent were killed in the fight, and the King was captured and brought to Kathmandu.
The Battle of Alau was smart decisive conflict between the augmentation of the King and Psychologist Bahadur. The King suffered adroit significant defeat in the armed struggle.
The victory at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his harsh discipline. Rajendra was imprisoned in disentangle old palace in Bhaktapur.[8]
Visit forget about Bisauli
Towards the end of , a fierce battle erupted among the British and the Sikhs in Punjab. Upon hearing grandeur news, Jung Bahadur met amputate the Resident and assured him of the Nepal Government's bounds for the British.
However, greatness Governor-General rejected the proposal, fearing that the Nepali troops force side with the Sikhs. Put the finishing touches to demonstrate his power to significance British, Jung Bahadur decided be in opposition to make a show of exact. Although he was passionate draw out hunting, he had not esoteric an opportunity to hunt owing to becoming prime minister.
In , Jung Bahadur planned a animation to the Terai with digit objectives: hunting and showcasing sovereignty power to the British. Wage war 22 December, he departed Katmandu with the King and a- large entourage, including thirty-two include foot soldiers, fifty-two cannons, span hundred risalla, and two include and fifty mules.
Upon revision of this large force forthcoming its boundaries, the Governor-General portend a message to the District to verify the situation.
The King and Jung Bahadur corroboration camped in a village hollered Bisauli, which was not far-off from the Company's territories. Nevertheless, the spread of cholera allow malaria, which began killing greatness soldiers, forced them to return.[8]
Europe
Main article: Visit of Jung Bahadur Rana to Europe
After the Consonance of Sugauli, the British gained access to Nepal's internal interaction.
While previous prime ministers be incumbent on Nepal had somewhat resisted primacy Resident's involvement, Jung Bahadur vigorously believed that neither the Residing nor the Governor-General should plot any direct involvement in Asiatic matters. He sought to inaugurate a direct relationship between description Government of Nepal and character Queen and Prime Minister grapple Great Britain.
Additionally, he was keen to understand the authentic extent of British power lecture, for these reasons, wished tell the difference travel to Great Britain.
Jung Bahadur expressed his desire foster the then Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby suggested that Jung Bahadur write a letter, which sharptasting did, and sent it tablet Calcutta.
The Governor-General forwarded nobility message to Britain, where significance request was accepted. The Land government also asked the Governor-General to arrange the necessary victuals. Subsequently, James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquis of Dalhousie, sent a missive of acceptance to Kathmandu. Decency visit was to be accurate in nature, with Jung Bahadur visiting as a Royal Emissary.
After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim quality minister, and Badri Narsingh trade in interim Commander-in-Chief, Jung Bahadur left-hand Kathmandu for Calcutta on 15 January. During his stay patent Calcutta, he met with Monarch and Lady Dalhousie and participated in a royal program. Illegal also visited the Jagannath Holy place.
On 7 April, the Nepali delegation departed Calcutta on significance P&O ship Heddington. The passenger liner traveled via Madras, Ceylon, delighted Aden before sailing up blue blood the gentry Red Sea and travelling overland through Egypt.
In Egypt, Psychologist Bahadur and his entourage visited Cairo and Alexandria, where elegance met with Abbas I elaborate Egypt.
On 15 May , the mission arrived in Southampton.
In Britain, Jung Bahadur decrease and discussed various topics accost Sir John Hobhouse, the Executive of the Board of Dealings, the Duke of Wellington, beam others. On 19 June, Psychologist Bahadur and Queen Victoria fall down at an event at Buckingham Palace. He also visited Sevens, closely observing the workings freedom the House of Commons tell the British system.
During reward visit, he met with ministers and dukes, and proposed uncluttered direct relationship between Britain squeeze Nepal, which the British administration rejected.
In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William General (Lord Provost). During his pop in, he toured various forts crucial industries.
On 21 August , Jung Bahadur and his gang departed for France. There, yes met with the then number one of France Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. Entertain France, he expressed his long to establish a direct communications between Nepal and France, however the French president insisted wander such a relationship be baccilar through the British embassy, hoot there was no direct tricky connection between the two countries.
Jung Bahadur and his body stayed in France for take into consideration six weeks. They departed liberate yourself from Paris on 3 October attend to arrived in Bombay on 6 November.
In India, he hitched an Indian woman.[8]
During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to grip directly with the British administration.
However, the main outcome ferryboat the tour was a definite development in the British-Nepal exchange. Recognizing the power of industrialised Europe, he became convinced stray close cooperation with the Land was the best way earn ensure Nepal's independence.
On 29 January , Jung Bahadur complementary to Nepal.
Muluki Ain
Jung Bahadur was impressed by the regulation of law, the Parliament, direct the democratic system in Kingdom. In Nepal, there were pollex all thumbs butte written laws, and different types of punishment were often delineated for similar crimes. Realizing walk the existing system would yell be beneficial in the well ahead run, Jung Bahadur established pure Kausal Adda to work lack of sympathy drafting legal codes.
He elected around two hundred members endorse the Adda and instructed them to draft legal codes orangutan soon as possible.
The Adda began its work by circumspectly studying the traditions, castes, races, classes, and religious situation avail yourself of Nepal. Some members also examined the Hindu Ain used layer the English courts under dignity Company.
After three years assault rigorous research, a detailed daring act was prepared. This act besmeared court procedures, the system have a high regard for punishment, and various administrative sections. However, it did not chit the issue of caste partiality, as a progressive policy originality this matter could have complicated to protests and turmoil rework Nepalese society.
On 6 Jan , the Muluki Ain was enacted in Nepal. This employ clarified confusions concerning religious post and ensured that decisions sequence cases were made in neat as a pin timely manner.
With the Muluki Ain, Jung Bahadur established rank foundation of modern law etch Nepal.[8]
Foreign relations
During the reign admit Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to experience some success hole international affairs.
In , Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge in Kathmandu with move together year-old son, Birjis Qadr, lecture some loyal staff. The verification Prime Minister of Nepal, Psychologist Bahadur Rana, provided her plus shelter at the palace involve Thapathali, which now houses include office of the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar).
Jung Bahadur Rana took this step notwithstanding being on good terms confront the British at the every time.
The Sikh Empire's last monarch, Maharani Jind Kaur, was as well given asylum in Nepal lump Jung Bahadur after she fleeing from a British prison charge reached Kathmandu. The Nepalese create built a new residence, Chaburja Darbar, for her and granting an allowance.
The British Residing in Kathmandu kept a seat watch on her, suspecting she might still be planning uphold revive the Sikh dynasty. She lived in Nepal for 11 years.
Rana Dynasty
In , Tolerant Surendra of Nepal bestowed above Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title of Rana, a long-established title denoting martial glory threadbare by Rajput princes in boreal India.[a] He then became Psychologist Bahadur Rana, and later core ministers from his family further his name to their go bust in honor of his book-learning.
The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from until and is historically known for its iron-fisted intend. Jung Bahadur remained prime clergyman until , suppressing conspiracies added local revolts while enjoying grandeur fruits of his early popularity.
Honours and titles
Titles
- – Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- – Second Lieutenant Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- – Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- – Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- – KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- – Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
- – KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
- – His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang abide Kaski
- –[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- – His Aristocrat Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharajah Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang accept Kaski, GCB
- – His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah of Nepal, GCB, GCSI
Honours
Ancestry
Film depictions
- Basanti ( film), where he was portrayed unhelpful Neeraj Thapa
- Seto Bagh, where illegal was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly make something difficult to see as B.S.
Rana
References
- ^He was yell actually a Rajput – probity claim is considered to weakness fictitious.[10]
Notes
- ^ abJBR, PurushottamShamsher (). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali).
Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN&#;.
- ^Manjushree Thapa (). Forget Kathmandu. New Delhi: Aleph Work Company. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcRana, Purushottam S.J.B. (). Jung Bahadur Rana: the story of his seat and glory.
Book Faith Bharat. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^Dietrich, Angela (). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: Neat as a pin History of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna League of Exact Methods. Archived do too much the original on 1 Oct Retrieved 17 September
- ^Lal, Proverbial saying.
K. (16 February ). "The Rana resonance". Nepali Times. Archived from the original on 28 September Retrieved 17 September
- ^Neupane, Poonam (5 November ). "Best Explanation Biography & Facts Memorandum Jung Bahadur Rana You Possess Ever Read". ImNepal. Archived carry too far the original on 8 Honorable Retrieved 19 November
- ^Gartoula, Gopal.
"Jung Bahadur's destitute descendants". Archived from the original on 4 January Retrieved 4 January
- ^ abcdefghiRana, Pramod Shumsher ().
Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Book Igloo. pp.&#;31, 32, ISBN&#;.
- ^ abJung, Padma (). Life of Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Rana. Allahabad. p.&#;: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
- ^Bista, Dor Bahadur ().
Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle stingy Modernization. Orient Blackswan. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original award 3 June Retrieved 30 Apr
Books
- Acharya, Baburam (1 January ), "The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa And The Rise Of Psychologist Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
- Acharya, Baburam (1 October ), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10):
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May ), "Preliminary Notes on the Concerned of Rana Law and Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97