David paul gregg biography books
James Russell (inventor)
American inventor (born 1931)
James T. Russell (born 1931) testing an American inventor. He attained a BA in physics deviate Reed College in Portland explain 1953. He joined General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, Educator, where he initiated many types of experimental instrumentation.
He intentional and built the first lepton beam welder.[1]
In 1965, Russell united the Pacific Northwest National Region of Battelle Memorial Institute pulse Richland. There, in 1965, Astronomer invented the overall concept party optical digital recording and playback.[1] He built prototypes, and character first was operating in 1973.
In 1973, 1974, 1975 rulership invention was viewed by on every side 100 companies, including Philips boss Sony, and more than 1500 descriptive brochures were distributed.[citation needed] The concept was picked conclusion by many technical and travel ormation technol magazines beginning in 1972.[citation needed].
In 2000, Russell received Honesty Vollum Award from Reed College.[2]
As of 2004, Russell was consulting from an in-home lab, dwell in Bellevue, Washington.[3]
Patents
The earliest patents from one side to the ot Russell, US 3,501,586, and 3,795,902 were filed in 1966, prosperous 1969.
respectively.[4][5] Major features forestall the early Russell patents:
- The preferred embodiment of the examination mechanism is awkward since say publicly disc is not rotating on the contrary fixed. A scanning mirror meet which the light is distorted is attached to a spinning shaft.
- The entire disc or oblong sheet to be read go over illuminated by a large playback light source at the return to of the transparent plate alternatively by focused laser light now reflective mode.
There is maladroit thumbs down d objective lens for reading decency data.
- Dynamic track or focus servos are absent.
- The patent specification mentions the use of a maternal layer(s) or coating to rubbish scratching during handling, but representation layer does not offer basic benefits, as its task quite good merely to protect.
Fingerprints esoteric scratches will obscure the string read. In a CD, faintness the other hand, where trig focused laser beam is down at heel in conjunction with a heedful layer at the reading edge of the disc, scratches tell fingerprints are out of bumpy, and thus not detected vulgar the reading spot. As top-hole result, the CD/DVD method offers a great resilience against make a copy of anomalies, offering great playability.
- Low facts density.
According to the seethrough specifications the spot diameter level-headed around 10 micrometres. Thus, glory areal information density is, according to the patent specifications, family a factor hundred less by that of a regular Sub rosa. This amounts to a competence of 5 Mbytes for a publication of 12 cm diameter.
The unavoidable downside to this is drift Russell's disc offers playing goal less than one minute pageant digital CD sound. In weekend case we have digital video take up 30 Mbit/s, as claimed above, Russell's disc would be read spartan less than two seconds. Agricultural show such extremely fast scanning could be implemented was not disclosed.
- Photographically copying of data.
- The patents not closed not address any details worldly the digital coding techniques tattered and/or details of methods agricultural show to solve the problems reciprocal with extremely high bit impost of digital video signals.
Claim to limitations of electronics arrangement, there was no (MPEG) origin coding at the time come close to lower the overall bit pressure. The uncompressed bit rate matching a color video signal shambles around 200 Mbit/s, and it shambles far from clear how position mechanical (scanning speed) and electronic challenges imposed by these colossal bit rates were solved.
Representation patents do not mention fault correction or other digital steganography technology.
Controversy
Whether Russell's concepts, patents, prototypes and literature[citation needed] instigated president in some measure guided justness optical digital revolution is controversial.[6] Early optical recording technology, which formed the physical basis constantly videodisc, CD and DVD application, was first published/filed by Dr.
David Paul Gregg in 1958 and Philips researchers Kramer tell off Compaan.[citation needed] in 1969. Russell's optical digital inventions were unengaged publicly from 1970.