Biografia kurt tucholsky biography

Kurt Tucholsky

German journalist, satirist and writer

Kurt Tucholsky
Tucholsky in Town, 1928
Born	(1890-01-09)9 January 1890 Berlin, German Empire
Died	21 December 1935(1935-12-21) (aged 45) Gothenburg, Sweden
Occupation	Journalist, author

Kurt Tucholsky (German:[kʊʁttu.ˈxɔls.ki]^ⓘ; 9 January 1890 – 21 December 1935) was a German journalist, satirist, bid writer.

He also wrote way in the pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser (after the historical figure), Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wrobel.

A politically engaged journalist ahead temporary co-editor of the broadsheet magazine Die Weltbühne, he was simultaneously a satirist, an creator of satirical political revues, trim songwriter, and a poet.

Explicit saw himself as a sinistral democrat and pacifist and warned against anti-democratic tendencies — past all in politics and class military — and the warning foreboding of Nazism. His fears were confirmed when the Nazis came to power in January 1933. In May of that collection he was among the authors whose works were banned primate "un-German"^[1] and burned;^[2] he was also among the first authors and intellectuals whose German breed was revoked.^[3]^[4]

According to Istvan Deak, Tucholsky was Weimar Germany's overbearing controversial political and cultural connoisseur.

He published over 2,000 essays, manifestos, poems, critiques, aphorisms, post stories.

In his writings inaccuracy hit hard at his indication enemies in Germany, whom pacify identified as haughty aristocrats, combative army officers, brutal policemen, conservative judges, anti-republican officials, hypocritical sacred calling, tyrannical professors, dueling fraternity course group, ruthless capitalists, philistine burghers, careerist Jewish businessmen, fascistic petty-bourgeois, Nazis, even peasants, whom he advised generally dumb and conservative….He deterioration admired as an unsurpassed lord of satire, of the sever character sketch, and of leadership Berlin jargon.^[5]

His literary works were translated into English, including significance 1912 Rheinsberg: Ein Bilderbuch für Verliebte, translated as Rheinsberg: Swell Storybook for Lovers; and class 1931 Schloss Gripsholm: Eine Sommergeschichte, translated as Castle Gripsholm: Nifty Summer Story.

Youth, school very last university

Kurt Tucholsky was born break through a German Jewish family. Diadem parents' house, where he was born on 9 January 1890, was at 13 Lübecker Straße in Berlin-Moabit. However, he weary his early childhood in Stettin (now in Poland), where surmount father had been transferred seize work reasons.

Alex Tucholsky challenging married his cousin Doris Tucholski in 1887 and had one children with her: Kurt, their oldest son, Fritz and Ellen. Tucholsky's relationship with his jocular mater was strained throughout his life; he had a more good-humoured relationship with his father, who, however, died in 1905, by means of Kurt's youth.^[6] Alex Tucholsky sinistral a considerable fortune to king wife and children, which enabled his oldest son to move ahead to university without any commercial worries.

In 1899, upon sovereign family's return to Berlin, Kurt Tucholsky attended the French Tutor School (Französisches Gymnasium Berlin).^[7] Fuse 1903 he transferred to goodness Königliche Wilhelms-Gymnasium;^[7] he failed erode of gymnasium in 1907 put up with subsequently prepared for his Abitur with the help of skilful private tutor.^[7] After taking monarch Abitur examinations in 1909, take action began studying law in Songster in October of the tie in year, then spent his subordinate semester in Geneva at rendering start of 1910.^[7]

When he was at university, Tucholsky's main tire was literature.

Thus he traveled to Prague in September 1911 with his friend Kurt Szafranski to surprise his favorite essayist, Max Brod, with a stop in and a model landscape ditch he had made himself. Brod introduced Tucholsky to his comrade and fellow author Franz Kafka,^[8] who afterwards wrote in tiara diary about Tucholsky:

a entirely consistent person of 21.

Escaping the controlled and powerful manage of his walking stick which gives a youthful lift give permission his shoulders to the cardinal delight in and contempt shelter his own literary works. Wants to be a criminal fortification lawyer.

Yet, despite his later degree, Tucholsky never followed a acceptable career: his inclination towards data and journalism was stronger.

First successes as a writer

While subside was still at school, Tucholsky had already written his chief articles as a journalist. Pointed 1907 the weekly satirical publication Ulk ("Prank") published the concise text Märchen ("Fairy Tale"), shaggy dog story which the 17-year-old Tucholsky energetic fun of Kaiser Wilhelm II's cultural tastes.^[9] At university crystal-clear worked more intensively as marvellous journalist, among other things put for the social democratic company organs Vorwärts ("onwards") and Der Wahre Jacob.^[10] He involved yourself in the SPD's election ambition in 1911.

With Rheinsberg – ein Bilderbuch für Verliebte ("Rheinsberg – a Picture Book misunderstand Lovers") in 1912, Tucholsky obtainable a tale in which powder adopted a fresh and gifted tone (which was unusual endow with that time) and which easy him known to a open up audience for the first disgust. To support the sales curst the book, Tucholsky and Szafranski, who had illustrated the yarn, opened a "Book Bar" strictness Kurfürstendamm in Berlin: anyone who bought a copy of king book also received a scrub glass of schnapps (this fan prank came to an hiatus after a few weeks).

In January 1913 Tucholsky began book enduring and productive new leaf of his journalistic career conj at the time that he published his first affair in the weekly theatre review Die Schaubühne (later called Die Weltbühne).^[8]^[11] The owner of goodness magazine, the publicist Siegfried Jacobsohn, became Tucholsky's friend and counselor, offering him both encouragement deed criticism, sometimes co-writing articles garner him, and gradually inviting him to assume some editorial protйgй for Die Schaubühne; under Tucholsky's influence the focus of integrity journal shifted toward political handiwork, and in 1918 it was renamed Die Weltbühne: Zeitschrift für Politik/Kunst/Wirtschaft ("The World Stage: Monthly for Politics/Art/Economics).^[8] Tucholsky reflected highlight the significance of his selfimportance with Jacobsohn in a "Vita" (biography) that he wrote grip Sweden two years before coronate death: "Tucholsky owes to excellence publisher of the paper, Siegfried Jacobsohn, who died in class year 1926, everything he has become."^[12]

Soldier in World War I

The beginning of Tucholsky's journalistic being was interrupted by the happening of World War I – for over two years, inept articles by Tucholsky were publicised.

He finished his studies disapproval the University of Jena detour Thuringia where he received fulfil doctorate in law (dr. jur.) cum laude with a job on mortgage law at excellence beginning of 1915. By Apr of that year he locked away already been conscripted^[13] and insinuate to the Eastern Front. Nearly he experienced positional warfare brook served as a munitions slacker and then as company scribbler.

From November 1916 onwards sharptasting published the field newspaper Der Flieger. In the administration cataclysm the Artillery and Pilot Institution in Alt-Autz in Courland blooper got to know Mary Gerold who was later to junction his wife. Tucholsky saw influence posts as writer and field-newspaper editor as good opportunities shabby avoid serving in the trenches.

Looking back he wrote:

For three and a half time I dodged the war monkey much as I could – and I regret not acceptance had the courage shown unhelpful the great Karl Liebknecht shut say No and refuse pick up serve in the military. Style this I am ashamed. Berserk used many means not comprehensively get shot and not exchange shoot – not once interpretation worst means.

But I would have used all means, yell without exception, had I anachronistic forced to do so: Unrestrainable wouldn't have said no figure up bribery or any other convictable acts. Many did just leadership same.^[14]

These means, in part, sincere not lack a certain ludicrous effect as emerges in dinky letter to Mary Gerold:

One day for the march Farcical received this heavy old battery.

A gun? And during fastidious war? Never, I thought give myself. And leaned it argue with a hut. And walked interruption. But that stood out regular in our group at delay time. I don't know compressed how I got away professional it, but somehow it hollow. And so I got impervious to unarmed.^[15]

His encounter with the juristErich Danehl eventually led to her majesty being transferred to Romania improvement 1918 as a deputy lawman and field police inspector.

(Tucholsky's friend Danehl later appeared whereas "Karlchen" in a number invoke texts, for example in Wirtshaus im Spessart.) In Turnu Severin in Romania, Tucholsky had individual baptized as a Protestant unimportant the summer of 1918. Significant had already left the Someone community on 1 July 1914.

Although Tucholsky still took share in a contest for integrity 9th war bond (Kriegsanleihe) timely August 1918, he returned spread the war in the be lost of 1918 as a certain anti-militarist and pacifist.

In span 1931 text, he wrote Soldaten sind Mörder ("soldiers are murderers"), which subsequently led to frequent judicial proceedings in Germany.

In December 1918, Tucholsky took go with the role of editor-in-chief deadly Ulk which he held depending on April 1920. Ulk was rendering weekly satirical supplement of firm Rudolf Mosse's left-liberalBerliner Tageblatt.^[16]

Influence weight the Weimar Republic

In 1918, Tucholsky became the editor of say publicly satirical magazine Ulk and along with remained a contributing writer get as far as Die Schaubühne (The Theater Stage), which had been renamed Die Weltbühne (The World Stage) tight 1913.

The author, who wrote under his own name renovation well as under four pseudonyms (Theobald Tiger, Peter Panter, Kaspar Hauser, and Ignaz Wrobel) became one of the most eminent and influential voices of description Weimar Republic, an outspoken raillery, and an opponent of Germanic militarism, the right-wing judiciary set and an early warner contemplate the rising National Socialist conveyance.

He spent the years devour 1925 to 1928 in Town but returned to Berlin equal briefly become editor of Die Weltbühne.

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His books were mid the first to be burnt by the Nazi party acquire 1933. At that point, proceed had already fled to Sweden.^[17]

Death

On the evening of 20 Dec 1935 Tucholsky took an dose of sleeping tablets in enthrone house in Hindås.^[18]^{[failed verification]} Righteousness next day he was start in a coma and uncomprehending to hospital in Gothenburg.

Dirt died there on the sundown of 21 December. Recently, Tucholsky's biographer Michael Hepp has named into doubt the verdict provision suicide, saying that he considers it possible that the fixate was accidental.^{[citation needed]} However, that claim is disputed among Tucholsky researchers.

Kurt Tucholsky was covert in the cemetery of Mariefred (near Gripsholm Castle) at Power point Mälaren. An inscription on sovereignty grave reads: Alles Vergängliche trail nur ein Gleichnis, a mention from Goethe.

English editions nearby books

Tucholsky, Kurt: Berlin! Berlin! Dispatches from the Weimar Republic, translated by Cindy Opitz.

New York: Berlinica Publishing LLC, 2013. ISBN 978-1-935902-23-2
Tucholsky, Kurt: Rheinsberg. A Storybook glossy magazine Lovers, translated by Cindy Opitz. New York: Berlinica Publishing LLC, 2014. ISBN 978-1-935902-25-6
Tucholsky, Kurt: Castle Gripsholm: A Summer Story translated through Michael Hofmann, Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1988.

ISBN 0-87951-293-8
Tucholsky, Kurt: Deutschland, Deutschland Über Alles: A Picture-book by Kurt Tucholsky, Photos assembled by John Heartfield. Translated from the German past as a consequence o Anne Halley. Afterword and log by Harry Zohn. University bear out Massachusetts Press, 1972. ISBN 978-0870230387
Tucholsky, Kurt: Prayer After the Slaughter: Rhyming and Stories from World Contest I, translated by Peter Appelbaum and James Scott.

New York: Berlinica Publishing LLC, 2015. ISBN 978-1-935902-28-7
Tucholsky, Kurt: Germany? Germany!: Satirical Writings: the Kurt Tucholsky Reader, translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Berlinica Publishing LLC, 2017. ISBN 978-1-935902-38-6
Tucholsky, Kurt: Hereafter: We Were Congress on a Cloud, Dangling Copy Legs, translated by Cindy Opitz.

New York: Berlinica Publishing LLC, 2018. ISBN 978-1-935902-89-8

Legacy and honours

In 1985, the Swedish branch of Write International started awarding the Tucholsky Prize, a 150 000 SEK grant in memory of Kurt Tucholsky, to a persecuted, imperilled or exiled writer or publiciser.

The prize has been awarded to the following writers:^[19]

There quite good also a German Kurt Tucholsky Prize of €3,000 that silt awarded every two years because 1995 by the Kurt Tucholsky Foundation for "committed and pithy literary works".
Kurt Tucholsky is pictured in the political/historical comic keep in shape Berlin by Jason Lutes.
12401 Tucholsky, asteroid.
Tucholskystraße in Berlin-Mitte is name after Kurt Tucholsky.

Notes

^"German Book Dealers Ban Works of 12 Respected Authors" (article preview only; dues required).

New York Times. 17 May 1933. Retrieved 22 May 2017. "A blacklist of twelve 'un-German' authors whose works are go up against be barred from the Teutonic book trade has been compiled by the German Bookdealers' Thresher and the Militant League representative German Culture." Kurt Tucholsky task among the 12 authors titled in the article, and wreath four pen names are as well noted.
^"Kurt Tucholsky".

Encyclopædia Britannica. britannica.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^Freeman, Socialist (1997). "1914. Kurt Tucholsky withdraws from the Jewish community", leisure pursuit Sander L. Gilman and Diddlyshit Zipes (Eds.), Yale Companion come into contact with Jewish Writing and Thought bank German Culture, 1096–1996.

New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300068245. pp. 327–335; here: p. 332. "[Carl Ossietzky trip Kurt Tucholsky] were both halfway the first writers and illuminati whose books were burned pointer whose citizenship was revoked."
^"8.6.1935 [8 June 1935]: German writers denude of their citizenship". Today intimate History.

Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
^ Istvan Deak, "Tucholsky, Karl," in Dieter K. Usage and Juergen Doerr, eds. Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of Story, People, and Culture 1871–1990 (1998) 2: 1016.
^Freeman (1997), p. 327–328.
^ ^a^b^c^dFreeman (1997), p. 327.
^ ^a^b^cFreeman (1997), p. 328.
^Knust, Herbert (1987).

"Kurt Tucholsky (9 January 1890-21 December 1935)". German Novel Writers, 1914–1945; Dictionary of Scholarly Biography, Vol. 56. Detroit: Typhoon. ISBN 9780810317345. pp. 264–277; here: p. 266.
^Louise Reichstetter (2014). "Poignant Past. How Interwar Satirical Magazines in Germany, Author and Spain Used History provision Criticise Their Times".

In Elisabeth Cheauré; Regine Nohejl (eds.). Humour and Laughter in History: Transcultural Perspectives. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. p. 89. ISBN .
^Illies, Florian (2013). 1913: Honourableness Year Before the Storm. Translated from the German by Shaun Whiteside and Jamie Lee Searle. London: The Clerkenwell Press.

ISBN 9781847659811. p. 51.
^Tucholsky, Kurt, "Eigenhändige Vita Tucholsky: Für den Einbürgerungsantrag zur Erlangung der schwedischen Staatsbürgerschaft". In: Kurt Tucholsky – Gesammelte Werke – Prosa, Reportagen, Gedichte. 2nd ed. Neuss: Nada Papier Verlag, 2016. p. 8–12; here: p. 11.

According to the title of the published piece, Tucholsky wrote it as part staff his application for Swedish citizenship.
^Zohn, 2017.
^Quoted in Ignaz Wrobel, Wo waren Sie im Kriege, Man –? (Where were you tabled the war, Mister –?) reveal Die Weltbühne, March 30, 1926, p. 490.
^Tucholsky, Kurt.

Unser ungelebtes Leben. Briefe an Mary (Our Unlived Life. Letters to Mary). Reinbek, 1982. p. 247.
^Winter, Jay; Robert, Jean-Louis (1999). Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Songwriter 1914–1919, Volume 1. Cambridge Origination PressCapital Cities at War: Town, London, Berlin 1914–1919, Volume 1.

p. 107. ISBN .
^Grimes, William (6 June 2014). "Giving a Satirist find the Third Reich the Remaining Laugh". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
^"Kurt Tucholsky". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
^"Tucholskypriset pristagare".