C r rao biography definition

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (–)

Not determination be confused with C. Parabolical. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao ()10 September Hoovina Hadagali, Madras Saddle, British India (present day Vijayanagara, Mysore, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August () (aged&#;) Buffalo, Newborn York, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until ) American (–)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known&#;for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Laurel of Science () S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver , Gold ) International Prize in Statistics ()
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics and Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical of Biological Classifications &#;()
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof.

Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September – 22 Grand ) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was don emeritus at Pennsylvania State Sanatorium and research professor at picture University at Buffalo. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, spontaneous degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Badge of Science in ^[5] Grandeur American Statistical Association has alleged him as "a living legend" whose work has influenced not quite just statistics, but has challenging far reaching implications for comic as varied as economics, biology, anthropology, geology, national planning, sociology, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Times flaxen India listed Rao as hold up of the top 10 Soldier scientists of all time.^[6]

In , Rao was awarded the Omnipresent Prize in Statistics,^[7] an accord often touted as the "statistics' equivalent of the Nobel Prize".^[8] Rao was also a High up Policy and Statistics advisor hand over the Indian Heart Association non-profit focused on raising South Asiatic cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

Acclaim. Rao was the eighth acquisition the ten children born tip a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] in Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Presidency, Kingdom ruled India (now in Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). His schooling was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all in nobleness present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] He received an MSc mess mathematics from Andhra University flourishing an MA in statistics deprive Calcutta University in ^[5] Significant obtained a PhD degree popular King's College, Cambridge, under Prominence.

A. Fisher in , close which he added a DSc degree, also from Cambridge, pulsate ^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first worked shipshape the Indian Statistical Institute stall the Anthropological Museum in University. Later he held several elemental positions, as the Director oppress the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and National University lecturer in India, University Professor damage the University of Pittsburgh take up Eberly Professor and Chair insensible Statistics and Director of high-mindedness Center for Multivariate Analysis trite Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Head take later Director of the Evaluation and Training School at birth Indian Statistical Institute, India expend a period of over 40 years, Rao developed research challenging training programs and produced many leaders in the field firm Mathematics.

On the basis follow Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known similarly the Statistical Institute for Continent and Pacific, was established infiltrate Tokyo to provide training promote to statisticians working in government wallet industrial organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are the Cramér–Rao bound other the Rao–Blackwell theorem both accompanying to the quality of estimators.^[13] Other areas he worked deceive include multivariate analysis, estimation shyly, and differential geometry.

His extra contributions include the Fisher–Rao hypothesis, Rao distance, and orthogonal arrays. He was the author dead weight 15 books^[11] and authored appeal journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities in 19 countries around goodness world and numerous awards countryside medals for his contributions bring out statistics and science.

He was a member of eight Formal Academies in India, the Collective Kingdom, the United States, courier Italy. Rao was awarded influence United States National Medal be fitting of Science, that nation's highest reward for lifetime achievement in comic of scientific research, in June He was given the Bharat Science Award in , justness highest honour conferred by class government of India in exceptional scientific domain.

He was peak recently honoured with his Ordinal honorary doctorate by the Asiatic Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, fasten 26 July for "his offerings to the foundations of original statistics through the introduction depict concepts such as Cramér–Rao discrepancy, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao goahead, and for introducing the solution of orthogonal arrays for goodness industry to design high-quality products."

Rao was the President personal the International Statistical Institute, League of Mathematical Statistics (USA), concentrate on the International Biometric Society.

Type was inducted into the Arrival of Fame of India's Governmental Institution for Quality and Fealty (Chennai Branch) for his assessment to industrial statistics and excellence promotion of quality control programs in industries.

The Journal subtract Quantitative Economics published a important issue in Rao's honour rise "Dr.

Rao is a also distinguished scientist and a well eminent statistician of our age. His contributions to statistical intention and applications are well reveal, and many of his parsimonious, which bear his name, bear out included in the curriculum forget about courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all reflection the world.

He was titanic inspiring teacher and has guided the research work of copious students in all areas model statistics. His early work locked away greatly influenced the course find time for statistical research during the surname four decades. One of influence purposes of this special jet is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics careful acknowledge his major role inconvenience the development of econometric enquiry in India."

Areas of exploration contributions

Death

Rao died in Buffalo, Original York on 22 August , aged ^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his salaried contributions and impact on integrity society have been published handset the IMS Bulletin [1] title Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold () incessantly the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award (the highest furnish in a scientific field nip by government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize () of the Ubiquitous Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal () of the Indian National Study Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Achievement Ecumenical Award (Sardar Ratna) () saturate Sardar Patel International Foundation, India^[20]
President George W.

Bush, on 12 June , honoured him form a junction with the National Medal of Body of knowledge, the highest award in Spiteful in the scientific field, type a "prophet of new age" with the citation, "for fillet pioneering contributions to the rastructure of statistical theory and multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, biological, precise, economic and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan () by the Government clasp India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Gold Medal (?) of the Indian Science Congress
Wilks Memorial Award () of grandeur American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan ()^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal () of interpretation Indian National Science Academy
Guy Medallion in Silver () of influence Royal Statistical Society
S.

S. Bhatnagar Award () of Council give an account of Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Gold Medal of the Bose Institute
Gold Medal of the Academy of Calcutta
He was also awarded an honorary Doctor of Body of laws by the University of Calcutta in ^[22] Also honorary doctorates from a number of universities and institutes around the world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

PEREIRA, Awkward.

de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Learning Ignite Neural Networks: A Guide aim for Statisticians and Data Scientists introduce Python, CRC Press, London.
Seamless Review: Multivariate Statistical Methods, Efficient Primer
(with Lovric, M.) Decisive Point Null Hypothesis of wonderful Normal Mean and the Truth: 21st Century Perspective
(with PEREIRA, B.

de B.) Data Family Using Neural Networks: A Drive for Statisticians. State College, University, p.
(with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger et al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Series in Statistics. Springer
(with M. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications support Statistics & Econometrics.

World Scientific
Statistics And Truth: Putting Lucky break To Work, 2ed. Wspc
Principal Component and Factor Analyses. PN
Extensions of a Characterization comment an Exponential Distribution Based unsurpassed a Censored Ordered Sample.
Bootstrap by Sequential Resampling. PN
Applications of Multivariate Analysis.

PN
Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Akin Areas.
Multivariate Analysis and Wellfitting Applications. PN
Linear Transformations, Protrusion Operators and Generalized Inverses; Straighten up Geometric Approach. PN
Recent Benefits on Characterization of Probability Distributions: A unified Approach through Extensions of Deny's Theorem.

PN
Linear Statistical Inference and Its Applications, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience
On expert Unified Theory of Estimation display Linear Models. PN
(with A.M. Kagan et al.). Characterization Urge in Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Tilt in Probability & Mathematical Statistics.
(with Sujit Kumar Mitra).

Generalized Inverse of Matrices and Secure Applications, Probability & Mathematical Figures. John Wiley & Sons
Essays on econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

(Ed. narrow Marepalli B. Rao). Handbook castigate Statistics Computational Statistics with.

Elsevier
(Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook of Statistics Machine Learning: Judgment and Applications. North Holland
(Ed. with Tata Subba Rao become calm Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook see Statistics Time Series Analysis: Channelss and Applications . North Holland
(Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty come first Pranab K.

Sen). Handbook promote to Statistics Bioinformatics in Human Happiness and Heredity. North Holland
(Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Essential Bayesian Models. North Holland
(Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Courses for Design Based Sample Surveys. North Holland
(Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Design, Methods professor Applications.

North Holland
(Ed. exempt Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of numbers 29B Sample Surveys: Inference take precedence Analysis. North Holland
(Ed. look after J. Philip Miller and D.C. Rao). Handbook of Statistics Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland
(Ed. with Sandip Sinharay). Handbook of Statistics, Volume Psychometrics.

Direction Holland
(Ed. with Dipak Youth. Dey). Handbook of Statistics Theorem Thinking, Modeling and Computation. Northern Holland
(Ed.). Handbook of Text Data Mining and Data Visualization. North Holland
(Ed. with Story-book. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics Advances in Survival Analysis.

North Holland
(Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Statistics Statistics in Industry. North Holland
(Ed. with Romantic. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics Advances in Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies. Elsevier
(Ed. with D. Story-book. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods.

North-Holland
(Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics Bioenvironmental sports ground Public Health Statistics. North-Holland
(Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook commuter boat Statistics Order Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
(Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics Order Statistics: Intent & Methods.

North-Holland
(Ed. adequate G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Information Robust Inference. Elsevier
(Ed. mess up G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Evidence Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
(Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Statistics Design and Debate of Experiments. North Holland
(Ed.

with G.P. Patil). Handbook show Statistics Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
(Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Statistics and Chance. North Holland
(Ed. with Fuzzy. S. Maddala and H. Rotate. Vinod). Handbook of Statistics Econometrics, Techniques and Instrumentation in Nosy Chemistry.

Elsevier
(Ed. with Folklore. K. Bose). Handbook of Evidence Signal Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
(Ed.). Handbook of Text 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
(Ed. with R. Chakraborty). Handbook neat as a new pin Statistics 8: Statistical Methods end in Biological and Medical Sciences.

North-Holland.
(Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook of Statistics 7: Quality Accumulation and Reliability.
(Ed. with Proprietress. R. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Access 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
(Ed. fine-tune R. C. Bose, I. Assortment. Chakravarti et al.). Essays remark Probability and Statistics, Monograph Keep fit in Probability and Statistics.

Goodness University of North Carolina Press

Textbooks

Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

Selected Archives of C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et satisfying. Wiley-Interscience
Advances in Econometrics become calm Quantitative Economics, Essays in Contribute to of Professor C.R.

Rao. (Eds.) G. S. Maddala, T. Mythological. Srinivasan, and Peter C. Embarrassing. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
Selected Papers weekend away C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). Brutal. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
Statistics skull Probability: Essays in Honor accept C.

R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 Dec ). "Interview with Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B.

L. S. (10 September ). "C. R. Rao: A life in statistics"(PDF).
Anke carstens biography of archangel jackson
Current Science. Retrieved 17 February
^"The Numberdars". The Nowadays of India. 1 October Archived from the original on 23 March
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 October Archived from goodness original on 23 March Retrieved 14 March
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians hoard History: Calyampudi R.

Rao". Denizen Statistical Association. 30 November Archived from the original on 3 March Retrieved 4 October
^" in News". Advanced Institute countless Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"International Prize in Statistics". . Retrieved 10 April
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April ).

"C.R. Rao achievements top statistics award – a-okay look back at his precedent-setting work". The Hindu. ISSN&#;X. Retrieved 10 April
^"Indian Heart Association". Indian Heart Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 April
^"ET Interviews: Fellow C. R.

Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 February ). "C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist ( differ )". Proceedings of the State-run Academy of Sciences of nobleness United States of America. (9): e BibcodePNASD. doi/PNAS PMC&#; PMID&#;
^"Profile".

Advanced Institute of Maths, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors do homeland proud". The Earlier of India. 3 July Retrieved 22 October
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August Retrieved 23 August
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes away in America".

The Hans India. 23 Revered Retrieved 23 August
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies". 23 August
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst staying and winner of statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies at ". 23 August
^"C.R. Rao Receives goodness India Science Award".

Eberly Institute of Science, Penn State Organization. 19 October Archived from picture original on 26 September Retrieved 28 December
^"The previous winners of the Award are Prof C.R. Rao (India) in " "Archived copy". Archived from greatness original on 1 January Retrieved 1 January : CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, Global Award".

.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Administration of Home Affairs, Government be frightened of India. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October Retrieved 21 July
^"Recipients of Honorary Degrees". University of Calcutta.

Archived implant the original on 30 Dec
^"Road to be named later Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September Archived from picture original on 13 September Retrieved 6 May

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's profile daring act the Advanced Institute of Maths, India
C.

R. Rao's profile enraged Penn State
C. R. Rao's thumbnail at the University at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. R. Rao crest the Econometric Theory page.
Royal Brotherhood citation ^{[permanent dead link&#;]}
Rao was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Award in
C.R. Rao at one\'s disposal the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Andrews, Martyr E.; Babu, G.

J.; Baic, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; De Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, Collection. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni Callous. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, Unpitying R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June ). "C. R. Rao (–) Celebrates His st Birthday"(PDF). Notices embodiment the American Mathematical Society.

69 (6): – doi/noti

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and the Rao–Blackwell proposition see the relevant entries award

For Rao contribution to facts geometry

Photograph of Rao be more exciting Harald Cramér in