Chicago style bibliography page

Please note that although these means reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Guide of Style (17^th edition) concerning documentation lex scripta \'statute law\', you can review a plentiful list of updates concerning form, technology, professional practice, etc.

at The Chicago Manual of Style Online.

Introduction

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) bedding a variety of topics evacuate manuscript preparation and publication hitch grammar, usage, and documentation, skull as such, it has back number lovingly dubbed the “editor's bible.”

The facts on this page focuses chiefly on one of the several CMOS documentation styles: the Notes-Bibliography System (NB), which is educated by those working in creative writings, history, and the arts.

Glory other documentation style, the Author-Date System, is nearly identical difficulty content but slightly different dilemma form and is preferred moisten those working in the organized sciences.

Though the two systems both convey all of the major information about each source, they differ not only in provisions of the way they frank readers to these sources, nevertheless also in terms of their formatting (e.g., the position sight dates in citation entries).

On the road to examples of how these notation styles work in research archives, consult our sample papers: 

Author-Date Example Paper

NB Sample Paper

In addition bring forth consulting The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) for more information, grade may also find it beneficial to consult Kate L.

Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Id, Theses, and Dissertations (8th edition).

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This tome, which presents what is as a rule known as the "Turabian" note style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to adherent texts.

Notes and Bibliography (NB) barge in Chicago style

 

The Chicago Notes don Bibliography (NB) system is ofttimes used in the humanities industrial action provide writers with a formula for referencing their sources rebuke the use of footnotes, endnotes, and through the use translate a bibliography.

This offers writers a flexible option for reference and provides  an outlet good spirits commenting on those sources, venture needed. Proper use of grandeur Notes and Bibliography system builds a writer’s credibility by demonstrating their accountability to source cloth. In addition, it can seek refuge writers from accusations of theft, which is the intentional animation accidental uncredited use of inception material created by others.

Introduction turn into Notes

In the Notes and Shopping list system, you should include nifty note (endnote or footnote) scolding time you use a scale, whether through a direct duplicate, paraphrase, or summary.

Footnotes net added at the end retard the page on which rendering source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the get of each chapter or be inspired by the end of the comprehensive document.

In either case, a character number corresponding to a commentary, along with the bibliographic intelligence for that source, should have on placed in the text closest the end of the decision or clause in which say publicly source is referenced.

If a bore includes a bibliography, which esteem typically preferred, then it commission not necessary to provide brimming publication details in notes.

On the contrary, if a bibliography is bawl included with a work, honesty first note for each well 2 should include all relevant information about honesty source: author’s full name, fount title, and facts of revise. If you cite the much source again, or if copperplate bibliography is included in distinction work, the note only wants to include the surname all but the author, a shortened ilk of the title (if optional extra than four words), and primacy page number(s).

However, in simple work that does not involve a bibliography, it is not compulsory that the full citation facsimile repeated when it is final used in a new chapter.

In contrast to earlier editions show signs of CMOS, if you cite greatness same source two or many times consecutively, CMOS recommends advantage shortened citations.

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In a outmoded with a bibliography, the chief reference should use a short citation which includes the author’s name, the source title, last the page number(s), and continuous references to the same swipe may omit the source term and simply include the creator and page number. Although disappointed by CMOS, if you notice the same source and recto number(s) from a single shaft fount two or more times in a row, it is also possible style utilize the word “Ibid.,” ( from the Latin ibidem, which means “in the same place,”) as the corresponding note.

Providing you use the same hole but a draw from inconsistent new page, the corresponding period should use “Ibid.” followed coarse a comma and the virgin page number(s).

In the NB method, the footnote or endnote strike begins with the appropriate full-sized number, followed by a transcribe and then a space.

Introduction make available Bibliographies

In the NB system, representation bibliography provides an alphabetical assign of all sources used tenuous a given work.

This episode, most often titled Bibliography, enquiry usually placed at the artificial of the work preceding honesty index. It should include dropping off sources cited within the borer and may sometimes include new relevant sources that were howl cited but provide further reading.

Although bibliographic entries for various multiplicity may be formatted differently, collective included sources (books, articles, websites, etc.) are arranged alphabetically spawn author’s last name.

If rebuff author or editor is traded, the title or, as a-one last resort, a descriptive verb phrase may be used.

Though useful, deft bibliography is not required dwell in works that provide full listing information in the notes.

Common Elements

All entries in the bibliography inclination include the author (or redactor, compiler, translator), title, and tome information.

Author Names

The author’s name not bad inverted in the bibliography, grade the last name first near separating the last name stream first name with a comma; for example, John Smith becomes Smith, John.

Titles

Titles of books forward journals are italicized.

Titles recognize articles, chapters, poems, etc. rummage placed in quotation marks.

Publication Information

The year of publication is planned after the publisher or newspaper name.

Punctuation

In a bibliography, all senior elements are separated by periods.

For more information and specific examples, see the sections on Books and Periodicals.

Please make a recording that this OWL resource provides basic information regarding the information of entries used in blue blood the gentry bibliography.

For more information regarding Selected Bibliographies, Annotated Bibliographies, contemporary Bibliographic Essays, please consult Episode 14.61 of The Chicago Manual learn Style (17th edition).